26 Apr 2011

White Water and Benefits for the Human Body?!!

Good morning, ..Although reading this article. Stay I say good morning, so we are always keep the spirit like the morning, ..EMH,. Last night chat out of water problems. What? White water, it is important yah, .. Wah-wah people like this who is not grateful for what is around him,. Hhee,Well,. Water was sounded mediocre our ears, we drink water every day. But we do not even think why should white water, "Because the cheap", hhee this right. In addition to White Water is also cheap to nourish our bodies.Please know Basically, our bodies contain 45-55 l of water. The content reaches 40-50% of all parts of the body.Brain and blood are two important organs that have a moisture content above 80%. The brain has a water component as much as 90%, while the water component of blood has 95%, wih our body consists of water. Next, we normally take about 2-3 liters a day or 8 glasses a day and for smokers such amount should be added half. The function of water to replace fluids that exit the body through urine, sweat, respiration, and secretion, you lose about 3.5 l of water a day even if just sitting around. Water will increasingly poured out of the body when you do a fairly strenuous activity. The doctors also recommend consuming 8-10 glasses of water every day for your metabolism running well and normal. So the importance of water for our bodies.What happens when we are short of water?Of the various articles that I grimy (hhee,. Maafsoalnya just learning). if we consume less than 8 glasses of water, the overall effect is not felt. Losing only 4% of the liquid will decrease your performance by 22%. If the fluid loss of more than 7%, you begin to feel weak, lethargic, and dizziness. And if it continues as a consequence, the body will balance itself by taking the source of the body's own components. Among the blood. Waduw taking of blood? Lack of water for blood is very dangerous for the body. Therefore, the blood will be thick. As a result, blood travel as a means of transport oxygen and nutrients can be disrupted.The blood is thick it will also pass through the kidney that functions as a filter or a tool to filter toxins from the blood. The kidneys have a very fine sieve, so if you have to filter the blood is thick then the kidneys must work extra hard (Work Rodi). It is not possible kidney could be damaged and will soon have dialysis or in medical language is called hemodialysis.That influence is less water on the blood work and kidney. Then what about the brain? Travel thick blood will also be hampered as it passes through the brain. In fact, brain cells are the most wasteful consumption of food and oxygen carried by blood. So that the function of brain cells is not running optimally and may even die. These conditions will increasingly lead to stroke. People who suffer from chronic dehydration can suffer neurological problems. The whole nervous system is a series of nerves that go through the water. Lack of drinking water can lead to thickening of the canal water, thickening of the water channel was marked with tumbulnya problems such as Attention Deficit Disorder, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Anxiety, Depression and even degenerative mental disorders such as Alzheimer's. And if the body does not get the required amount of water, following the joint cartilage which normally require water will thin out and could not protect the joints with baik.Hal thus was the cause joints and bones ache / pain. Wah-wah emergency klw kyak so, because it should not be short of water!
How Drinking Water is working?Drinking water with the correct method to purify the human body. It renders the colon more effective by forming new blood, known in medical terms as aematopaises. That mucousal folds of the colon and intestines are activated by this method, an undeniable fact, like the theory that new fresh blood is produced by mucousal fold. If the colon is cleaned then the nutrients of the food you eat several times a day will be absorbed and to work mucousal fold, nutritional food is turned into fresh blood. The blood is all important in curing ailments and restoring health, and therefore the water should be consumed regularly.How to do this therapy?1. In the morning when you get up from sleep (without even brushing your teeth) drink 1.5 liters of water ie, 5 to 6 glasses. Better premeasure 1.5 liters. After that you may continue to other morning activities.2. It is important to note that do not drink or eat anything an hour before and after drinking 1.5 liters of water.3. It has also been examined closely, that should not drink alcoholic beverages the night before.4. If possible, use warm water, boiled water or clear water that is filtered.
Is it possible to drink 1.5 liters of water at once?For starters, one may find it difficult to drink 1.5 liters of water at once, but will gradually get used to it. At first, when you exercise drink 4 glasses first and the remaining 2 cups drunk two minutes later. Initially you will urinate 2 to 3 times in one hour, but after a while, going back to normal. According to the research and experience, the following diseases are observed to be cured with this therapy in time:ü Constipation: 1 Dayü TB (tuberculosis) Lungs: 3 Monthsü Diabetes / Diabetes: 7 Daysü Acidity / Uric Acid: 2 Daysü High blood pressure and hypertension: 4 Weeksü Cancer: 4 WeeksIt is suggested that persons suffering from Arthritis or Rheumatism should implement this therapy three times a day, ie morning, noon, and night one hour before meals - for one week, then twice daily until healed. It is recommended that the method above to read and practiced carefully. Luaskanlah Spread this message to friends, relatives, and neighbors - because this is a gift to humanity.With the grace of God, every person should lead a healthy life. "When you participate in the dissemination of this information, you are like a doctor who had cured thousands and even millions of human beings."
Hopefully useful. : ")

24 Apr 2011

capacity of hard disk drives

The capacity of hard disk drives is frequently stated by manufacturers in megabytes (1 MB = 1,000,000 bytes), gigabytes (1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes) or terabytes (1 TB = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes). This numbering convention, where prefixes like kilo- and mega- denote powers of 1000, is also used for data transmission rates and DVD capacities. However, the convention is different from that used in the memory industry (i.e., RAM and ROM) and for CDs where prefixes like kilo- and mega- denote capacity in powers of 1024.

When the unit prefixes like kilo- denote powers of 1024 in the reporting of computer capacities, the 1024n progression (for n = 1, 2, …) is as follows:

    * kilo = 210 = 10241 = 1024,
    * mega = 220 = 10242 = 1,048,576,
    * giga = 230 = 10243 = 1,073,741,824,

and so forth.

The HDD industry practice of using prefixes assigned powers of 1000 to describe HDD capacity (storage) dates back to the earliest days of computing

The Memory industry practice of using the same prefixes but assigned to powers of 1024 to describe memory capacity also dates back to the earliest days of computing.

There is really no reason for this difference besides it just being convention to use powers of 1024 in reporting memory size. The computer itself does not internally represent the HDD (or memory) capacity as being in powers of 1024. Until the 1980s there was little confusion because the use of these prefixes were generally consistent within articles, product literature and marketing materials while operating systems and utilities reported exact decimal HDD capacity as long strings of decimal digits, without prefixes. For unknown reasons, beginning in the 1980s, operating systems and or utilities began reporting HDD capacity using prefixes denoting powers of 1024. Altering this practice to use conventional powers of 1000 could have been done at any time, including from the beginning; however, for some reason it just stuck this way for most of the computing industry.

In the case of “mega-,” there is a nearly 5% difference between its decimal definition used by the HDD industry and the powers-of-two definition used by the semiconductor industry for memory. The difference is compounded by 2.4% with each incrementally larger prefix (gigabyte, terabyte, et cetera). This discrepancy between the two conventions for reporting capacity has led to confusion and litigation.

Different operating systems report HDD capacity in different ways. Most operating systems and associated utilities including Microsoft's Windows use powers of 1024 prefixes to report HDD capacity. In such systems, an HDD specified by its manufacture as 1 TB would be reported as 931 GB leading to confusion over actual HDD capacity. Beginning August 2009 current versions of Apple's MacOS X operating system (version 10.6 and later) report HDD capacity using powers of 1000 prefixes and thereby avoids confusion as to HDD capacity by reporting capacity using the same symbols with the same meaning as the HDD industry.

Plaintiffs in two class action suits against HDD manufacturers argued that the use of decimal measurements (i.e., powers of 1000) effectively misled consumers (see Orin Safier v. Western Digital Corporation  and Cho v. Seagate Technology (US) Holdings, Inc.).

In December 1998, an international standards organization attempted to address these dual definitions of the conventional prefixes by proposing unique binary prefixes and prefix symbols to denote multiples of 1024, such as “mebibyte (MiB)”, which exclusively denotes 10242 or 1,048,576 bytes. In the over12 years that have since elapsed, the proposal has seen little adoption by the computer industry and the conventionally prefixed forms of “byte” continue to denote slightly different values depending on context.

Form factors

Mainframe and minicomputer hard disks were of widely varying dimensions, typically in free standing cabinets the size of washing machines (e.g. HP 7935 and DEC RP06 Disk Drives) or designed so that dimensions enabled placement in a 19" rack (e.g. Diablo Model 31). In 1962, IBM introduced its model 1311 disk, which used 14 inch (nominal size) platters. This became a standard size for mainframe and minicomputer drives for many years, but such large platters were never used with microprocessor-based systems.

With increasing sales of microcomputers having built in floppy-disk drives (FDDs), HDDs that would fit to the FDD mountings became desirable, and this led to the evolution of the market towards drives with certain Form factors, initially derived from the sizes of 8-inch, 5.25-inch, and 3.5-inch floppy disk drives. Smaller sizes than 3.5 inches have emerged as popular in the marketplace and/or been decided by various industry groups.

    * 8 inch: 9.5 in × 4.624 in × 14.25 in (241.3 mm × 117.5 mm × 362 mm)
      In 1979, Shugart Associates' SA1000 was the first form factor compatible HDD, having the same dimensions and a compatible interface to the 8″ FDD.
    * 5.25 inch: 5.75 in × 3.25 in × 8 in (146.1 mm × 82.55 mm × 203 mm)
      This smaller form factor, first used in an HDD by Seagate in 1980, was the same size as full-height 5+1⁄4-inch-diameter (130 mm) FDD, 3.25-inches high. This is twice as high as "half height"; i.e., 1.63 in (41.4 mm). Most desktop models of drives for optical 120 mm disks (DVD, CD) use the half height 5¼″ dimension, but it fell out of fashion for HDDs. The Quantum Bigfoot HDD was the last to use it in the late 1990s, with "low-profile" (≈25 mm) and "ultra-low-profile" (≈20 mm) high versions.
    * 3.5 inch: 4 in × 1 in × 5.75 in (101.6 mm × 25.4 mm × 146 mm) = 376.77344 cm³
      This smaller form factor, first used in an HDD by Rodime in 1983,[29] was the same size as the "half height" 3½″ FDD, i.e., 1.63 inches high. Today it has been largely superseded by 1-inch high "slimline" or "low-profile" versions of this form factor which is used by most desktop HDDs.
    * 2.5 inch: 2.75 in × 0.275–0.59 in × 3.945 in (69.85 mm × 7–15 mm × 100 mm) = 48.895–104.775 cm3
      This smaller form factor was introduced by PrairieTek in 1988;[30] there is no corresponding FDD. It is widely used today for hard-disk drives in mobile devices (laptops, music players, etc.) and as of 2008 replacing 3.5 inch enterprise-class drives. It is also used in the Playstation 3 and Xbox 360[citation needed] video game consoles. Today, the dominant height of this form factor is 9.5 mm for laptop drives (usually having two platters inside), but higher capacity drives have a height of 12.5 mm (usually having three platters). Enterprise-class drives can have a height up to 15 mm. Seagate has released a wafer-thin 7mm drive aimed at entry level laptops and high end netbooks in December 2009.
    * 1.8 inch: 54 mm × 8 mm × 71 mm = 30.672 cm³
      This form factor, originally introduced by Integral Peripherals in 1993, has evolved into the ATA-7 LIF with dimensions as stated. It was increasingly used in digital audio players and subnotebooks, but is rarely used today. An original variant exists for 2–5GB sized HDDs that fit directly into a PC card expansion slot. These became popular for their use in iPods and other HDD based MP3 players.
    * 1 inch: 42.8 mm × 5 mm × 36.4 mm
      This form factor was introduced in 1999 as IBM's Microdrive to fit inside a CF Type II slot. Samsung calls the same form factor "1.3 inch" drive in its product literature.
    * 0.85 inch: 24 mm × 5 mm × 32 mm
      Toshiba announced this form factor in January 2004[36] for use in mobile phones and similar applications, including SD/MMC slot compatible HDDs optimized for video storage on 4G handsets. Toshiba currently sells a 4 GB (MK4001MTD) and 8 GB (MK8003MTD) version [dead link] and holds the Guinness World Record for the smallest hard disk drive.

3.5-inch and 2.5-inch hard disks currently dominate the market.

By 2009 all manufacturers had discontinued the development of new products for the 1.3-inch, 1-inch and 0.85-inch form factors due to falling prices of flash memory, which is slightly more stable and resistant to damage from impact and/or dropping.

The inch-based nickname of all these form factors usually do not indicate any actual product dimension (which are specified in millimeters for more recent form factors), but just roughly indicate a size relative to disk diameters, in the interest of historic continuity.

pasted from wikipdia